WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

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Today’s climate of progress for the sake
of progress can be a little tiring.

00:00:04.560 --> 00:00:08.000
It’s easy for one to get cynical browsing
Kickstarter.

00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:11.929
What I’d give to be a fly on the wall, and
observe the brainstorms that I imagine went

00:00:11.929 --> 00:00:13.640
a little something like this:

00:00:13.640 --> 00:00:17.280
Ya know, innovation in teapots has really
stagnated.

00:00:17.289 --> 00:00:20.520
I really wish my teapot were able to gauge
my emotional state

00:00:20.520 --> 00:00:23.260
to improve my tea-drinking experience.

00:00:23.260 --> 00:00:26.900
I haven’t seen anything new in the personal
hydration market; everybody’s already got

00:00:26.910 --> 00:00:29.150
a nice canteen of some sort.

00:00:29.150 --> 00:00:30.000
I know!

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Let’s put a solar panel on a water bottle
and put bluetooth in it, connect it with your

00:00:33.880 --> 00:00:37.480
phone, and have it tell you when you should
drink from it, because we all know that our

00:00:37.480 --> 00:00:41.880
bodies lack the biological processes necessary
to signal that we need to drink fluids.

00:00:41.880 --> 00:00:46.220
But one of those brainstorms did in fact bring
a popular item to market.

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What did that brainstorm look like?

00:00:48.660 --> 00:00:50.840
“What if we could have books….

00:00:51.240 --> 00:00:53.200
without the book?”

00:00:53.200 --> 00:00:54.750
And thus, the e-reader was born.

00:00:54.750 --> 00:00:58.780
Now, in this video I’m not going to be talking
about e-readers themselves…

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OK I’ll be talking a little bit about them
but the main focus and attraction of today’s

00:01:03.130 --> 00:01:08.580
technological exploration is the display technology
behind the world’s most popular e-readers.

00:01:08.580 --> 00:01:12.880
That would be electronic paper, or e-paper,
or e-ink, or…

00:01:12.880 --> 00:01:14.700
electronic ink.

00:01:14.700 --> 00:01:19.560
E-readers had existed in some form long before
e-paper appeared, in fact Techmoan made an

00:01:19.570 --> 00:01:24.890
excellent video on the Sony Data Discman from
1990 which you should totally watch, but they

00:01:24.890 --> 00:01:27.450
weren’t exactly a great experience.

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LCDs had weird viewing angles and were hard
to see, battery life wasn’t great, and storage,

00:01:33.180 --> 00:01:38.720
being the 1990’s, was limited and relied
on some sort of physical media anyway.

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Might as well just have a book.

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But the development of e-ink fixed the battery
life and display problems, and by the time

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it became viable, flash storage was cheap
enough that books could be stored permanently

00:01:48.950 --> 00:01:50.560
on the device.

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And remember, these are books we’re talking
about, so what’s being stored is mainly

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text and maybe some pictures.

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You could fit dozens of books in just 64 megabytes.

00:02:00.680 --> 00:02:05.880
Now, let me introduce you to the device which
introduced me to the word of e-ink.

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This is a Sony PRS-505, the second model of
Sony Reader available for sale in the US.

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I first saw one of these on display at my
local Borders.

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That’s the second failed enterprise in as
many sentences.

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Anyway, when I saw this I thought the display
was fake.

00:02:21.029 --> 00:02:25.769
One of those silly demonstration units with
a cardboard cutout for a screen.

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But when I pressed the page turn button and
this happened, I was taken aback.

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There’s no way that screen can be real!

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Well, it was, and this one is.

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Now if you’re familiar with e-ink, which
I imagine most of you are by now, this is

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no big deal.

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But back in 2006 when the Sony Reader
was first launched, this was like magic.

00:02:45.450 --> 00:02:50.359
A digital display of any sort which looked
like paper was mind boggling.

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The viewing angles are perfect, just like
paper.

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Bring it outside, and it’s as if you’re
reading an actual paper book.

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Even in direct sunlight, the display is perfectly
easy to read.

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Just like paper.

00:03:01.780 --> 00:03:06.329
Now the contrast wasn’t remarkably good,
about as good as a newspaper, but if you’re

00:03:06.329 --> 00:03:08.650
reading text that's perfectly fine.

00:03:08.650 --> 00:03:12.060
And the fact the the screens were greyscale
didn’t really matter, because

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you’re reading text.

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Mostly.

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Certainly the display technology wasn’t
perfect, but because it looked and behaved

00:03:18.109 --> 00:03:22.520
as if it were a sheet of paper, it was readable
in any conditions a book is, and it didn’t

00:03:22.520 --> 00:03:25.450
come with the eyestrain problems of a backlit
display.

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So what makes it so different?

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Well, practically everything about it.

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The liquid crystal display was very mature
by the time e-ink rolled around, but it relied

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on properties of light to make it function
that lead to all sorts of problems.

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Every LCD needs to polarize light in order
to work.

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The basic theory behind LCD technology is
that two perpendicularly opposed polarizing

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filters will block light from passing through
them.

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Between the filters is a liquid crystal that
essentially twists light and allows the incorrectly

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polarized light to pass through by re-aligning
it with the front polarizing filter.

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But, when the crystal experiences a voltage
passing through it, it aligns in such a way

00:04:04.480 --> 00:04:08.680
that the light will no longer be twisted,
and thus will be blocked from passing through.

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It’s some pretty neat stuff, I’ll admit,
but the polarization as light passes through

00:04:12.669 --> 00:04:15.640
it results in viewing angle limitations.

00:04:15.640 --> 00:04:20.519
Non-backlit displays like the one in this
watch have excellent contrast and viewability,

00:04:20.519 --> 00:04:23.020
but only under certain conditions.

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Depending on the angle of the light hitting
it, it might suddenly become very dark and muddy.

00:04:27.480 --> 00:04:31.840
You really want the light source to be above
you or behind you, because it needs to pass

00:04:31.850 --> 00:04:36.180
through the display and be reflected straight
back for best results.

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If you’re not looking at the display pretty
much head-on, the polarization effect is weakened,

00:04:41.229 --> 00:04:43.639
and the contrast is drastically reduced.

00:04:43.639 --> 00:04:47.860
This is what makes devices like the Game Boy
Color so annoying to use.

00:04:47.860 --> 00:04:52.270
You need to find some way to get comfortable,
but also have the light be behind you, or

00:04:52.270 --> 00:04:56.530
else you’ll be holding it at a weird angle
the whole time you use it.

00:04:56.530 --> 00:04:58.530
Which of course was what usually happened.

00:04:58.530 --> 00:05:02.520
Giving the display a backlight fixes most
of these problems--though let’s not forget

00:05:02.520 --> 00:05:08.509
the dark days of pre-IPS panel crappy viewing
angles-- but introduces new problems.

00:05:08.509 --> 00:05:14.020
Most displays these days, regardless of technology,
are made to appear black when they’re not on.

00:05:14.020 --> 00:05:17.080
This allows for contrast to exist between
light and dark areas

00:05:17.080 --> 00:05:18.980
even in moderate ambient lighting.

00:05:18.980 --> 00:05:22.880
But when you take this display outside, now
there’s so much ambient light that the

00:05:22.880 --> 00:05:24.520
display is hard to read.

00:05:24.520 --> 00:05:28.870
You can combat this with an even brighter
backlight, but now you’re using a lot of

00:05:28.870 --> 00:05:31.550
energy, which isn’t great for portable devices.

00:05:31.550 --> 00:05:36.940
And no matter what you do, a glowing display
in your face is likely to result in some eyestrain.

00:05:36.940 --> 00:05:41.300
In a nutshell, LCDs manipulate how light passes
through them, and light has to pass through

00:05:41.300 --> 00:05:44.340
the polarizing filters in order to be manipulated.

00:05:44.340 --> 00:05:48.930
But what if we could produce a display that
doesn’t require light to go through it at all.

00:05:48.930 --> 00:05:51.810
Let’s think for a moment what makes up a
printed piece of paper.

00:05:51.810 --> 00:05:56.439
The paper is white, and when light lands on
it it isn’t reflected back in just one direction

00:05:56.440 --> 00:05:59.820
like a mirror, or narrowly like in an LCD.

00:05:59.820 --> 00:06:04.280
Diffuse reflection causes it to be reflected
in pretty much every direction.

00:06:04.280 --> 00:06:06.220
That’s how we see normal objects.

00:06:06.220 --> 00:06:09.979
It doesn’t really matter what angle we’re
looking at it from, or what angle the illumination

00:06:09.979 --> 00:06:14.729
source is coming from, because the light that
hits it is scattered in all directions.

00:06:14.729 --> 00:06:18.810
To put text on paper, a pigment is added
which will absorb light and prevent it from

00:06:18.810 --> 00:06:23.960
being reflected as intensely, or change the
proportions of the wavelengths that get reflected,

00:06:23.960 --> 00:06:25.840
imparting what we see as color.

00:06:25.840 --> 00:06:30.380
So how could you go about making a display
that emulates the appearance of paper?

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It needs to be diffusely reflective, in order
to look like paper, and it also needs to be

00:06:34.050 --> 00:06:36.740
able to darken parts in order to form
images.

00:06:36.740 --> 00:06:42.301
Well, e-ink displays are made up of tiny microcapsules
that are filled with a mixture of black oil

00:06:42.301 --> 00:06:43.680
and white pigment.

00:06:43.680 --> 00:06:49.139
And in a way, each of these particles functions
like a teeny tiny Etch A Sketch.

00:06:49.139 --> 00:06:53.590
See, the insides of an Etch A Sketch are black,
and it’s filled with aluminum powder.

00:06:53.590 --> 00:06:57.699
When it’s shaken, the powder is thrown around
with the help of polystyrene beads and coats

00:06:57.699 --> 00:07:00.880
the glass, making a uniformly silver screen.

00:07:00.880 --> 00:07:05.870
The dials control the two axes of a plotter,
and as it moves, it scrapes the aluminum off

00:07:05.870 --> 00:07:09.550
of the glass, exposing the dark insides of
the toy.

00:07:09.550 --> 00:07:13.180
If you’re really patient you can scrape
off enough of the screen to see the actual

00:07:13.180 --> 00:07:14.729
mechanism inside.

00:07:14.729 --> 00:07:19.039
The tiny particles in an e-ink display are
quite similar in concept.

00:07:19.039 --> 00:07:23.639
Inside them is a black oily substance, with
a bit of negatively charged titanium dioxide

00:07:23.639 --> 00:07:25.340
powder suspended in it.

00:07:25.340 --> 00:07:29.560
If a positive charge is produced, this will
attract the white titanium dioxide toward

00:07:29.560 --> 00:07:33.900
it and cause it to bunch up against the inside
surface of the microcapsule.

00:07:33.900 --> 00:07:39.249
The result is that it appears in front of
the black oil, and the microcapsule appears white.

00:07:39.249 --> 00:07:43.310
If you reverse the charge, now the titanium
dioxide particles will be pushed away and

00:07:43.310 --> 00:07:48.630
end up on the opposite side of the microcapsule,
revealing the black oil and thus the microcapsule

00:07:48.630 --> 00:07:50.319
appears black.

00:07:50.319 --> 00:07:54.580
Later screens use positively charged black
particles as well, which although I can’t

00:07:54.580 --> 00:07:58.379
find the specific reason for doing so, likely
increases contrast.

00:07:58.379 --> 00:08:02.199
By sandwiching a bunch of these microcapsules
between two electrodes, you can choose to

00:08:02.199 --> 00:08:06.949
make them appear either black or white depending
on the polarity of the charge you produce.

00:08:06.949 --> 00:08:11.469
So, taking it a step further, if you take
a great big bunch of these microcapsules,

00:08:11.469 --> 00:08:15.789
and sandwich them between an active matrix
of electrodes, you can produce a screen with

00:08:15.789 --> 00:08:17.810
given size and resolution.

00:08:17.810 --> 00:08:21.840
So long as the electrodes on the display side
are transparent, you’ll be able to see the

00:08:21.840 --> 00:08:23.789
microcapsules underneath.

00:08:23.789 --> 00:08:26.979
And that’s exactly how most e-ink displays
work.

00:08:26.979 --> 00:08:31.020
The technology itself is referred to as an
electrophoretic display.

00:08:31.020 --> 00:08:35.720
The concept of electrophoresis was well known
before e-ink became viable, but the invention

00:08:35.720 --> 00:08:41.160
of the microencapsulated electrophoretic display
led to devices like this being viable.

00:08:41.160 --> 00:08:43.000
That really has a nice ring to it, doesn’t
it?

00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:45.380
Microencapsulated electrophoretic display.

00:08:45.380 --> 00:08:46.790
Rolls right off the tongue.

00:08:46.790 --> 00:08:51.230
Perhaps the signature advantage of this display
technology, aside from its paper-like appearance,

00:08:51.230 --> 00:08:55.300
is that the display does not require power
to produce a static image.

00:08:55.300 --> 00:08:59.960
The microcapsules are so small, and the fluid
they’re suspended in is viscous enough,

00:08:59.960 --> 00:09:03.480
that the pigment particles will just stay
where they are indefinitely.

00:09:03.480 --> 00:09:06.670
This is why the battery life of an e-reader
is so great.

00:09:06.670 --> 00:09:09.220
Unless it’s actively changing what’s on
the screen,

00:09:09.220 --> 00:09:12.460
it can essentially just turn itself off.

00:09:12.460 --> 00:09:16.160
Assuming the software was written this way,
the hardware can be barely awake,

00:09:16.160 --> 00:09:18.360
just enough to register button presses.

00:09:19.200 --> 00:09:23.080
Then it can wake
up, refresh the screen, and go back to sleep

00:09:23.090 --> 00:09:25.360
until the next page turn is requested.

00:09:25.360 --> 00:09:29.140
Sony used to quote battery life of these by
the number of page turns possible.

00:09:29.140 --> 00:09:32.330
In the case of this unit, that was 6,800 turns.

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So in theory, you could read a dozen or so
books on one charge, depending on the size

00:09:36.560 --> 00:09:38.380
of the text you selected.

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And if I may, I’d like to digress slightly
and admire the design of this unit.

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While buttons on things seem to have gone
the way of the dodo, I really liked the aesthetic

00:09:47.020 --> 00:09:50.710
of this device, and the navigational hierarchy
was clever.

00:09:50.710 --> 00:09:53.700
And here’s a neat thing--it’s got expandable
storage, and

00:09:53.700 --> 00:09:54.720
--get this--

00:09:54.720 --> 00:09:56.320
a headphone jack!

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That’s right, it’s an e-reader that has
a headphone jack, so you can listen to MP3s

00:10:01.280 --> 00:10:02.780
while you read.

00:10:02.780 --> 00:10:06.340
What a strange world we were in back in 2007.

00:10:06.340 --> 00:10:08.600
Putting headphone jacks in things.

00:10:08.600 --> 00:10:12.610
I had a blue one, which I preferred to the
silver, and while I am admittedly biased here,

00:10:12.610 --> 00:10:14.970
I think the design has aged pretty well.

00:10:14.970 --> 00:10:19.710
And, in case you’ve forgotten, this is what
the first Amazon Kindle looked like.

00:10:19.710 --> 00:10:21.990
Ugh, that sure was something, wasn’t it?

00:10:21.990 --> 00:10:26.070
One of the side-effects of the microcapsules
that make up the display is a sort of natural

00:10:26.070 --> 00:10:27.160
smoothing.

00:10:27.160 --> 00:10:31.260
While this display is definitely made up of
pixels, in fact it has a rather measly resolution

00:10:31.260 --> 00:10:37.000
of only 800X600, each pixel contains many
microcapsules, and thus the edges of the pixels

00:10:37.000 --> 00:10:39.050
are incidentally smoothed.

00:10:39.050 --> 00:10:42.780
You can definitely see them, I’m not claiming
they’re not visible, but this helps to make

00:10:42.780 --> 00:10:45.540
the text seem even more natural.

00:10:45.540 --> 00:10:50.440
Thanks to a rather well-thought-out text rendering
scheme, and the ability to show 8 shades of grey

00:10:50.440 --> 00:10:53.650
(actually, what’s to stop the display
from showing 50 shades of grey, amirite?)

00:10:53.650 --> 00:10:54.598
[Maniacal Laughter]

00:10:54.598 --> 00:10:58.390
the edges of the text rarely seems
jagged, which helps maintain the illusion

00:10:58.390 --> 00:11:00.710
that this is printed text on paper.

00:11:00.710 --> 00:11:04.260
Anywho while the screen requires no power
to show a static image, you have probably

00:11:04.260 --> 00:11:08.370
noticed the weird flashing thing it does every
time you change the page.

00:11:08.370 --> 00:11:11.630
And you might have also noticed how slow it
is to draw any given image.

00:11:11.630 --> 00:11:15.030
Well, now we get to the downsides of epaper.

00:11:15.030 --> 00:11:18.380
Because it relies on particles physically
moving within a viscous fluid,

00:11:18.380 --> 00:11:19.840
it’s not fast.

00:11:19.840 --> 00:11:20.760
At all.

00:11:20.760 --> 00:11:24.500
This doesn’t really matter for anything
an e-reader might do, but for an application

00:11:24.510 --> 00:11:29.300
like a general purpose display, it’s simply
too slow to be useful.

00:11:29.300 --> 00:11:33.370
Applied Science did some experimentation on
these displays, and I highly encourage checking

00:11:33.370 --> 00:11:37.740
the video out, but with current electrophoretic
display technology, it’s unlikely that we

00:11:37.740 --> 00:11:40.240
could break into anything near smooth motion.

00:11:40.240 --> 00:11:44.700
The reason why this device keeps inverting
the display is to avoid permanently charging

00:11:44.700 --> 00:11:48.960
any part of the screen, and thus winding up
with a permanent ghost image.

00:11:48.960 --> 00:11:51.940
It also needs to do this to prevent ghosting
in general.

00:11:51.940 --> 00:11:56.140
Because the particles aren’t all going to
move uniformly, you can still see a very slight

00:11:56.140 --> 00:12:00.370
remnant of whatever it showed before, and
without doing that inverted flash, it would

00:12:00.370 --> 00:12:02.330
be even more noticeable.

00:12:02.330 --> 00:12:07.380
Newer e-readers don’t do this with every
page turn, however even in 2007 Sony wasn’t

00:12:07.380 --> 00:12:09.650
doing whole-screen refreshes for everything.

00:12:09.650 --> 00:12:13.621
The little loading animation only moves the
arrows within the circle, so it’s clear

00:12:13.621 --> 00:12:18.050
that even this early on it was possible to
refresh only portions of the screen.

00:12:18.050 --> 00:12:22.150
This macro-shot reveals that the the process
of producing intermediate shades of grey appears

00:12:22.150 --> 00:12:24.740
to be based mainly on time.

00:12:24.740 --> 00:12:28.960
If we slow down and look frame by frame, you
can see many of the pixels briefly turn a

00:12:28.960 --> 00:12:31.930
darker shade, then lighten slightly.

00:12:31.930 --> 00:12:36.530
It could be that this single frame of brief
darkness is the impulse of the matrix’s

00:12:36.530 --> 00:12:40.820
charge, and the reversion to a lighter color
is simply the microcapsules returning to a

00:12:40.820 --> 00:12:42.940
more relaxed state.

00:12:42.940 --> 00:12:47.310
Or perhaps the screen is briefly pulling those
pixels towards black, and then a bit back

00:12:47.310 --> 00:12:48.470
to white.

00:12:48.470 --> 00:12:52.980
In fact, you can see that any pixels that
are due to change spend at least some time

00:12:52.980 --> 00:12:55.970
as completely black, and completely white.

00:12:55.970 --> 00:12:58.870
They are then pulled backed to their appropriate
darkness levels.

00:12:58.870 --> 00:13:02.830
In any case, we can see clearly here that
the pixels are not all manipulated at the

00:13:02.830 --> 00:13:05.510
same time nor for the same duration.

00:13:05.510 --> 00:13:07.820
And here’s where I get frustrated.

00:13:07.820 --> 00:13:11.980
E-ink development has kinda just sorta stopped.

00:13:11.980 --> 00:13:16.320
It’s not like it’s gone away, but there
have basically only been incremental improvements.

00:13:16.320 --> 00:13:21.880
Sony’s later Reader models, like this PRS-350,
improved on the contrast slightly, and they

00:13:21.880 --> 00:13:26.760
enabled touch support using a rather clever system
of infrared emitters and receivers embedded

00:13:26.760 --> 00:13:28.580
in the bezels of the device.

00:13:28.580 --> 00:13:32.570
They also tweaked the display algorithm to
quickly invert the sections you touch to affirm

00:13:32.570 --> 00:13:33.770
your input.

00:13:33.770 --> 00:13:38.320
Amazon’s PaperWhite kindles incorporate
a backlight (or some built-in lighting anyway,

00:13:38.320 --> 00:13:40.280
I’m not sure of the specifics).

00:13:40.280 --> 00:13:44.230
And screens that can show either red or black
have become rather common.

00:13:44.230 --> 00:13:48.010
In fact you sometimes see these in stores
in lieu of price tags.

00:13:48.010 --> 00:13:53.330
Supposedly E-Ink Holdings has developed a
full-color display, but I’m not aware of

00:13:53.330 --> 00:13:54.960
any applications of it.

00:13:54.960 --> 00:13:56.670
And that’s a real shame.

00:13:56.670 --> 00:14:00.680
While I’m sure the inherent speed problems
of electrophoretic technology will probably

00:14:00.680 --> 00:14:05.090
prevent it from ever breaking out of e-readers,
I would love to have a computer monitor with

00:14:05.090 --> 00:14:07.450
the physical appearance of paper.

00:14:07.450 --> 00:14:09.650
I wouldn’t even mind if it were greyscale.

00:14:09.650 --> 00:14:14.270
I spend a lot of time in front of very bright,
colorful computer screens, and I definitely

00:14:14.270 --> 00:14:15.940
get eyestrain from them.

00:14:15.940 --> 00:14:20.620
And although I use f.lux, a program that blocks
blue light late in the evening, I still feel

00:14:20.620 --> 00:14:23.490
that the brightness alone helps keep me awake.

00:14:23.490 --> 00:14:27.440
I really only need that color and brightness
for a small portion of my work.

00:14:27.440 --> 00:14:31.760
If I could use an e-ink monitor for browsing
the web, writing, researching, and doing other

00:14:31.760 --> 00:14:35.140
computery things, my eyes would really appreciate
it.

00:14:35.140 --> 00:14:38.880
And wouldn’t ya know it, there’s another
display technology that might spread out using

00:14:38.880 --> 00:14:41.240
the principle of electrowetting.

00:14:41.240 --> 00:14:45.560
Supposedly these refresh fast enough to be
suitable for video, while also having a similar

00:14:45.560 --> 00:14:47.420
appearance to e-paper.

00:14:47.420 --> 00:14:50.580
I say, let’s get on this display companies!

00:14:50.580 --> 00:14:54.030
You will gladly have my money if you come
up with a paper-like display, it doesn’t

00:14:54.030 --> 00:14:56.900
even need to be full-color but if you like
I’ll pay extra for it, that I can connect

00:14:56.900 --> 00:14:59.730
to my PC and use as a monitor.

00:14:59.730 --> 00:15:04.881
I would love, love, love it if I could be
starting at a matte, paper-like screen, and

00:15:04.881 --> 00:15:07.450
not an eye-abusing glowing rectangle.

00:15:07.450 --> 00:15:11.971
From what it looks like, an electrowetting
display could in theory also be backlit, so

00:15:11.971 --> 00:15:16.070
perhaps you could make what looks like paper
when you want it to, but looks like a video

00:15:16.070 --> 00:15:17.470
screen when you don’t.

00:15:17.470 --> 00:15:20.160
Or even just, like, here.

00:15:20.160 --> 00:15:21.160
Laptop people.

00:15:21.260 --> 00:15:23.820
I see you doing you funky stuff that no one
asks for.

00:15:23.830 --> 00:15:28.671
How about a laptop with an LCD panel that
happens to also have an e-paper panel on the

00:15:28.671 --> 00:15:32.980
other side, and you can just flip it around
and switch to e-ink.

00:15:32.980 --> 00:15:37.040
I would bet you could boast some colossal
battery life figures if you can figure out

00:15:37.040 --> 00:15:39.090
how to pull this off without a backlight.

00:15:39.090 --> 00:15:41.980
Here’s just a free idea coming at you.

00:15:41.980 --> 00:15:43.640
Figure it out, please.

00:15:43.640 --> 00:15:48.080
Regardless of my desire for a general purpose
e-ink display, I’ll still happily gaze at

00:15:48.080 --> 00:15:54.160
my e-readers, marvel at the beauty of their
design, and grumble about their limited applications.

00:15:55.030 --> 00:15:57.500
By the way, did you notice the connection
here?

00:15:57.500 --> 00:16:01.600
Sony comes to market with a product a year
before a competitor releases a very similar

00:16:01.600 --> 00:16:04.860
product, and despite Sony's best efforts,
their product failed?

00:16:05.760 --> 00:16:07.480
Where have I heard that one before?

00:16:07.480 --> 00:16:09.920
As always, thanks for watching, and I hope
you enjoyed the video!

00:16:09.920 --> 00:16:14.390
I’m hoping we see more applications for
e-ink, even if it’s not my pipe dream of

00:16:14.390 --> 00:16:16.980
a truly functional computer monitor.

00:16:16.980 --> 00:16:21.920
Displays have been glowing in our faces for
decades and perhaps a change in that regard

00:16:21.930 --> 00:16:23.550
is worth a look.

00:16:23.550 --> 00:16:27.540
Of course, thank you to everyone who supports
this channel on Patreon, especially the fine

00:16:27.540 --> 00:16:29.850
folks you see scrolling up your screen.

00:16:29.850 --> 00:16:33.940
Your support has enabled some truly amazing
things, and you all deserve my thanks.

00:16:33.940 --> 00:16:37.050
If you’d like to support the channel with
a pledge of your own and get perks like early

00:16:37.050 --> 00:16:41.370
video access, behind-the-scenes videos, and
the insides scoop on the latest projects,

00:16:41.370 --> 00:16:43.260
please check out my Patreon page.

00:16:43.260 --> 00:16:45.780
Thanks for your consideration, and I’ll
see you next time!

00:16:46.440 --> 00:16:49.720
♫ unfathomably smooth jazz ♫

00:16:51.440 --> 00:16:56.140
...but, when I pressed the page turn button
and this happened, I was taken aback.

00:16:56.140 --> 00:16:57.780
There's (watch beeps) no way…

00:16:59.440 --> 00:17:02.880
I forgot I'm wearing the watch that beeps
on the hour.

00:17:02.880 --> 00:17:04.000
Those microcaped…

00:17:04.000 --> 00:17:06.100
(various unintelligible
mouth noises of frustration and anger)

00:17:06.440 --> 00:17:09.640
♪ Let's take a look at the camera ♪

00:17:10.660 --> 00:17:13.560
Now the contrast wasn't -- oh yeah I was gonna…
(clears throat)

00:17:13.560 --> 00:17:18.680
Inside them is a black oily substance with
a bit of negatively charged titanium dioxide

00:17:18.680 --> 00:17:20.120
suspended in it.

00:17:20.120 --> 00:17:22.760
Titanium dioxide powder suspended in it.

00:17:22.760 --> 00:17:25.320
The result is that it appears to be in front
--

00:17:25.860 --> 00:17:27.420
It is! It doesn't appear to be.

00:17:27.420 --> 00:17:30.090
You stop messing with what you wrote, you
silly person!

00:17:30.600 --> 00:17:32.480
Then it can wake up….

00:17:32.490 --> 00:17:34.039
I didn't plan for this